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德国语言学家洪堡曾说过:“人从来就是与他附近的一切相联系在一起的。”另一位人类文化学家弗里德里希·拉策尔在1885—1887年间出版的《人类学》一书中,也提出文化是人类智慧的总和,同时又受地理环境及其它生物上或心理上的影响。这两位专家的意见是有道理的。地理环境是形成文化取向的一个重要因素。因为地理环境直接影响着人们的行为和观念。在人类发展的初级阶段,地理环境对文化的影响更为突出。地理环境的独特性往往形成了民族文化的独特性。本文试图从社会学、文化生态学的角度对这个问题作一些探索。
Humboldt, a German linguist, once said: “Man has always been associated with everything near him.” Another man, the humanist Friedrich Ratzel, published in 1885-87, In his book, he also suggested that culture is the sum of human wisdom, and at the same time it is influenced by the geographical environment and other biological or psychological effects. The opinions of these two experts make sense. Geographical environment is an important factor in forming a cultural orientation. Because the geographical environment directly affects people’s behavior and ideas. In the early stages of human development, the impact of geographical environment on culture is even more prominent. The uniqueness of geographical environment often forms the uniqueness of national culture. This article attempts to make some exploration on this issue from the perspective of sociology and cultural ecology.