一、引 言 磁约束等离子体中少量杂质的存在会引起强烈的辐射能量损失[1],从而影响等离子体的能量平衡,也影响等离子体的电流分布、温度分布、以及稳定性和比压值,甚至影响未来聚变堆的点燃条件和堆的增益.因此杂质的研究是核聚变等离子体物理的重要领域.从1976年至今,国际上已 I. INTRODUCTION The presence of a small amount of impurities in a magnetically confined plasma can cause a strong loss of radiative energy [1], affecting the energy balance of the plasma as well as the current distribution, the temperature distribution, and the stability and specific pressure values ​​of the plasma, And even affect the ignition conditions and heap gain of the future fusion reactor.Therefore, the study of impurities is an important area of ​​nuclear fusion plasma physics.From 1976 to now, the international