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19世纪80年代后,帝国主义列强掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮。先后发动了两次震惊中外的侵藏战争。英国强迫清政府先后签订了《中英藏印条约》及其续约以及《中英续订藏印条约》等条款,把势力渗透到西藏社会生活的各个领域,逐步确立了其在西藏的一系列特权,把清政府逼到了绝路。在两次重要的战后交涉中,清政府表现出了截然不同的态度,由消极被动的接受转变为积极主动的争取,并最终保全了西藏的行使主权归属中国这一无可争辩的事实。
After the 1880s, the imperialist powers set off a frenzy of carving out China. Has launched two shocks at home and abroad of the invasion of Tibet. Britain forced the Qing government to sign the terms of the “Sino-British Treaty of Tibet,” and its renewal, and the “Treaty of Sino-British Renewal of Tibet-Indian Treaties.” It infiltrated the forces into various fields of social life in Tibet and gradually established a Series of privileges, the Qing government pushed to the dead end. In two important post-war negotiations, the Qing government showed a completely different attitude, from passive acceptance to pro-active pursuit, and eventually preserved Tibet’s indisputable fact of the exercise of sovereignty over China.