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目的:对我国区域性特有药用植物青叶胆Swertia mileensis进行系统的传粉生物学研究,了解其有性生殖特性。方法:野外定点观察结合TTC法、联苯胺-过氧化氢法、花粉-胚珠比(P/O)、杂交指数、繁育系统检测等方法。结果:青叶胆单花期2~3 d,种群花期约120 d,花综合特征暗示青叶胆繁育系统属于异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者;然而连续2年的野外观察与套袋实验说明青叶胆有较高的自交亲和性。结论:青叶胆为异交和自交综合特征并存,并倾向于自交,为青叶胆在恶劣生境下的异交失败提供了繁殖保障;青叶胆片断化种群的有性生殖系统受到花粉限制和缺少访花昆虫的影响。
OBJECTIVE: To systematically study the pollination biology of Swertia mileensis, a endemic medicinal plant in China, and to understand its sexual reproductive characteristics. Methods: Field fixed point observation combined with TTC method, benzidine - hydrogen peroxide method, pollen - ovule ratio (P / O), hybridization index, breeding system detection methods. Results: The leaf flowering stage was about 2 d after blooming and the flowering period was about 120 d. The composite flower characteristics indicated that the breeding system of the green leaf bile belongs to outcrossing and partially self-compatible, which needs pollinators. However, for 2 consecutive years, Bag experiments showed that the green leaf gall has a higher degree of self-compatibility. CONCLUSION: Alnus sepculata has the characteristics of coexistence of heterosis and selfing, and tends to be self-fertile. It provides the breeding guarantee for the out-crossing failure of Alnus solanacearum in poor habitats. The sexual reproduction system Pollen limitation and lack of pollinators.