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史学批评是关于史学自身的各种商榷、品评、鉴赏和反思,其对象包括历代史家、史学成果、史学思想、史学技艺、史学流派和史学机制等。从先秦时期关于史学的零星评论到东汉班彪集中评论前史,再到南朝刘勰《文心雕龙·史传》、唐朝刘知幾《史通》、清人章学诚《文史通义》,一条中国史学批评史的学术脉络清晰可见。史学批评的历史虽然古老而漫长,但史学批评史却是一个伴随着中国史学史学科建设逐渐兴起的年轻的分支学科。对于一门学科研究史的梳理,不仅有助于回望学术发展的来龙去脉,更重要的是从中得到研究上的启示。
Historiography criticism is about all kinds of discussion, evaluation, appreciation and reflection on history itself. Its objects include historical historians, historical achievements, historical thoughts, historical techniques, historical schools and historical mechanisms. From the sporadic commentary on historiography in the pre-Qin period to the pre-history review of Ban Biao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, then to Liu Xie’s “Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Chuan” in the Southern Dynasties, “Zhitong” The academic thread of a history of Chinese history criticism is clearly visible. Although the history of historical criticism is ancient and long, the history of historical criticism is a young branch subject that gradually rises along with the construction of the discipline of Chinese history. To sort out the history of a discipline research not only helps to recall the ins and outs of academic development, but more importantly, to obtain the revelation from the research.