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目的了解兰州市采暖期居民室内PM2.5污染水平,并初步分析不同居住条件和人群时间-活动模式下室内PM2.5污染水平的差异。方法采用固定便携式空气采样泵进行室内(厨房和卧室)PM2.5样品收集,重量法分析室内PM2.5污染水平;同时进行住户基本情况及时间-活动模式的问卷调查。结果被调查的53户厨房、卧室PM2.5平均浓度分别为124.75、118.91μg/m3;西固区(污染区)与对照区的厨房、卧室PM2.5平均浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。79.3%(42/53)的厨房空气样品PM2.5浓度超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准,卧室超标率为77.4%(41/53)。独栋楼房厨房PM2.5平均浓度(171.32μg/m3)高于单元楼房(115.22μg/m3);集中供暖户的厨房和卧室PM2.5平均浓度(109.51、97.78μg/m3)均低于安装烟囱煤炉者(167.23、177.75μg/m3);燃煤厨房PM2.5平均浓度(203.56μg/m3)高于燃气厨房(113.58μg/m3)和用电厨房(107.31μg/m3);采样24 h内总做饭时间>1 h的厨房和卧室PM2.5平均浓度高于≤1 h者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论本次调查的兰州市采暖期居民室内PM2.5污染比较严重,其污染水平受到住房条件、取暖方式、燃料类型及做饭时间的影响。
Objective To understand the level of PM2.5 pollution in residential area during the heating period in Lanzhou City and to analyze the differences of indoor PM2.5 pollution level under different living conditions and time-activity patterns. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected in indoor (kitchen and bedroom) using a portable portable air sampling pump, and PM2.5 level in indoor was analyzed by gravimetric method. At the same time, the questionnaire survey of household basic situation and time-activity model was conducted. Results The average concentrations of PM2.5 in 53 kitchens and bedrooms were 124.75 and 118.91 μg / m3, respectively. There was no significant difference in average concentrations of PM2.5 in kitchen and bedroom between Xigu District and control area (P> 0.05). 79.3% (42/53) of the kitchen air samples PM2.5 concentration exceeds the second level of the Ambient Air Quality Standard GB 3095-2012, bedroom over-standard rate was 77.4% (41/53). The average concentration of PM2.5 in single-family building kitchen (171.32μg / m3) was higher than that in single-unit building (115.22μg / m3). The average concentration of PM2.5 in kitchen and bedroom with centralized heating was lower than that of installation (109.51,97.78μg / m3) (167.23,177.75μg / m3). The average concentration of PM2.5 in coal-fired kitchen (203.56μg / m3) was higher than that of gas kitchen (113.58μg / m3) and electricity kitchen (107.31μg / m3) (P <0.05 or P <0.01) when the average concentration of PM2.5 in kitchen and bedroom with total cooking time> 1 h in h was less than 1 h. Conclusion In this survey, PM2.5 pollution in residents’ residence during heating period in Lanzhou City is serious, and its pollution level is affected by housing conditions, heating mode, fuel type and cooking time.