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第二次世界大战以来,西方“新史学”取得了令人瞩目的成就,其研究的范围涵盖了社会的各个方面,深入到社会史的各个领域,其史学思想对各国史学研究都具有广泛的影响。①随着时间的推移,“新史学”本身亦综合发展,其包容度日益扩大,产生了诸如计量史学、即时史学、历史人类学、心态史学等不同的研究方法,其中心态史学占有重要的地位,法国著名心态史学家伏维尔甚至称心态史学为“长时段的优势领域”。②70年代后半期至80年代的心态史学中,一批史学家在研究方法上放弃了“新史学”所重视的量化分析,重新采纳了传统史学中最
Since the Second World War, the western “new history” has made remarkable achievements. Its scope of research covers all aspects of society and goes deep into all fields of social history. Its historical thoughts have extensive influences. With the passage of time, “New History” itself has been developed in an integrated manner, and its inclusiveness has been expanding. It has produced different research methods such as metrology history, immediate history, historical anthropology and psychology history, in which the historiography of mind occupies an important position Well-known French psychologist Historian Volver even called the psychology of history as a “long-term advantage areas.” ② In the psychology of the late 1970s to the 1980s, a group of historians gave up the quantitative analysis of “new historiography” in their research methods,