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大约在一百四十年前英国伦敦的一个科学实验室里,一个四十多岁的人正在聚精会神地进行着实验。他的仪器很简单:桌上用一个支架固定着一块马蹄形的永久磁铁,另一个支架上装着一个能绕轴转动的铜盘,轴盘的边缘正好处在磁铁的两极间。这个实验者正仔细地调整着仪器,并把铜盘的中心和边缘导线接到电流计上。当铜盘转动时,他看到电流计的指针偏离了零点。“这是电流”,他高兴很几乎喊了起来。这个简单的实验说明:当导体切割磁力线时,导体内部由于电磁感应而产生电流。我们今天所用的发电机就是利用这个原理工作的。进行这个实验的人,就是著名的英国科学家法拉第。
About a hundred and forty years ago, in a science lab in London, England, a man in his mid-40s was concentrating on experiments. His instrument is simple: a horseshoe-shaped permanent magnet is attached to a table with a bracket on the table, and a copper plate is mounted on the other bracket for pivoting around the shaft. The edge of the shaft lies exactly between the poles of the magnet. The experimenter is carefully adjusting the instrument, and the center of the copper plate and the edge of the wire connected to the ammeter. He saw the pointer of the ammeter deviate from zero as the copper pan rotated. “This is a current,” he shouted almost glad. This simple experiment shows that when the conductor cuts the lines of force, the current inside the conductor is induced by electromagnetic induction. The generator we use today uses this principle. The person who conducted this experiment is the famous British scientist Faraday.