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文学翻译中的“形似”与“神似”是既老又新的话题。翻译研究者 ,有的强调形似 ,有的强调神似 ,二者均易产生偏颇。理想的文学翻译应是在兼顾形似与神似的情况下完成从源语到目的语的转化。而文学作品中的一句话 ,甚或一组词的含义往往超越其表层结构 ,翻译时必须借助变通手段实现转化。实践中 ,完全彻底的转化只能是要为之追求的理想目标。一定的历史时期会产生一定的上乘译品 ,不存在终极的至善至美的译作。笔者认为 ,可称作上乘的文学翻译 ,其价值与衡量标准在于 :1 忠于原文 ;2 不拘泥于原文 ;3 译文能给人以美感 ,又能保持原著特有的神韵。惟其如此 ,才有译品的存在价值。译者的工作犹如西济夫推石上山难有尽头。因此 ,文学翻译的质量最终取决于译者对源语与目的语的修养功底 ,即对这两种语言文化的掌握程度。本文试图重点通过《包法利夫人》译文中某些例句说明文学翻译的形似与神似问题。
Literary translation in the “shape” and “similar to God” is an old and new topic. Translators, some emphasize the shape, and some emphasize the similarities, both are prone to bias. The ideal literary translation should be completed from the source language to the target language, taking into consideration the similarities and dissimilarities. The literary works of a sentence, or even a group of words often beyond the superficial structure of the meaning of translation must be achieved by means of transformation means. In practice, complete and complete conversion can only be the desired goal to pursue. A certain period of history will produce some superior translation, there is no ultimate flawless translation. The author believes that the literary translation can be called superior, its value and measurement standards are: 1 loyal to the original; 2 does not rigidly adhere to the original; 3 translation can give people a sense of beauty, but also maintain the unique charm of the original. Only in this way can there be the value of the translated product. Translator’s job is like Ziziv Push Rock uphill hard to come by. Therefore, the quality of literary translation ultimately depends on the translator’s cultivation of source language and target language, that is, the mastery of these two languages and cultures. This article tries to illustrate the similarities and dissimilarities of literary translation from some examples in the translation of “Madame Bovary”.