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日俄战争后,日本的国际地位和国内环境发生了很大变化。战争获胜使日本在帝国主义竞争中增强了自信,国内出现了大国意识和帝国主义扩张思想,既希望西方能认同日本的国际地位,也希望成为亚洲的特权国,干涉中国的内政。在这种情况下,日本各界精英都希望能以文化输出的方式让世界了解日本的变化,以图塑造日本的积极形象。本文以大隈重信编纂的《开国五十年史》为例,分析日俄战争后日本对西方和中国进行文化输出的背景、内容、模式以及在欧美和中国的反响,考察明治末期日本精英阶层主导文化输出所采取的思路,及其对日本的国际形象产生的影响。
After the Russo-Japanese War, great changes have taken place in Japan’s international status and the domestic environment. The victory of Japan has given Japan more confidence in imperialist competition. The emergence of a nation-wide ideology of great power and the expansion of imperialism in the country both hope that the West will recognize Japan’s international status and also wish to become a privileged Asia and interfere in China’s internal affairs. Under such circumstances, the elites from all walks of life in Japan hope that the world can understand the changes in Japan by means of cultural output in an attempt to shape Japan’s positive image. This paper analyzes the background, contents and modes of Japanese cultural exports to the West and China after the Russo-Japanese War and the repercussions in Europe, the United States and China after the Japanese War, and examines the leading culture of Japanese elites in the late Meiji Period Export ideas adopted and their impact on Japan’s international image.