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偏振干涉光路两臂光程差的变化和合成干涉信号的相位变化，理论上具有线性关系，可以对引起光程差的任何微小量进行测量。实际上光路光学元件性能及调整并不理想，形成了二者的非线性关系。本文分析计算了各光学元件形成的非线性及这些元件综合形成的非线性，给出了适用于各种情况下的计算公式，并提出了光路的调整方法。
The change of the optical path difference between two arms of the polarization interferometer and the phase change of the synthesized interference signal have a theoretic linear relationship and can measure any slight amount that causes the optical path difference. In fact, the performance and adjustment of optical components are not ideal, forming a nonlinear relationship between the two. In this paper, the non-linearity of the optical elements and the non-linearity of these elements are analyzed and calculated. The calculation formulas suitable for all kinds of situations are given and the adjustment methods of the optical paths are proposed.