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波动方程偏移是七十年代地震勘探技术中重大进展之一。六十年代初期,共深度点迭加技术问世。由于它能有效地压制多次波、提高信噪比,很快在世界范围内得到普遍应用。然而,地下介质并非都是水平的,大多数油气圈闭同断层、尖灭、起伏构造有密切的关系。寻找油气圈闭正是地震勘探的基本目的。于是,共深度点迭加技术还不能适应生产的需要。它表现在地层倾角一大,共深度点就不成其为共深度点了。断层和起伏不平界面引起的绕射,使得时间剖面的解释工作造成困难。常常是凹形构造显示出凸形,有可能把向斜构造解释成背斜构造。
Wave equation migration is one of the major advances in seismic exploration technology in the seventies. In the early 1960s, a total of deep point plus technology come out. Because of its ability to suppress multiples and improve signal-to-noise ratio, it is rapidly gaining popularity around the world. However, not all subterranean media are horizontal, and most of the oil and gas traps are closely related to faults, pinchouts and undulations. Looking for oil and gas trap is the basic purpose of seismic exploration. As a result, a total of depth of points Diego plus technology can not meet the needs of production. It shows a large dip in the stratum, a total depth of the point is not a total depth of the point. The diffraction caused by faults and undulating interfaces makes the interpretation of time profiles difficult. Often the concave configuration shows a convex shape, possibly explaining the syncline configuration as an anticlinal configuration.