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在沉积盆地中,流体压力分布是影响油气运移的重要因素。如果沉积物是很不渗透的,欠压实可发生,直至当沉积载荷增加时,那里的点载荷被达到沉积物应力不可能含有流体压力而发生破裂,导致流体通过裂缝漏泄或运移。此外,取决于地质环境,流体压力可足以高至给钻探带来高度危险和昂贵的钻探费用。因此,石油地质的主要挑战是评价盆地中流体压力分布和考查导致流体压力生成的因素。 为了达到这一目标,需要进行沉积盆地演化的地质研究,但是这种研究在解决问题方面是有限的,因为资料是不完整的。例如,流体压力和孔隙度数据仅在井位位置是适用的,和渗透率测量值通常是不精确的和十分不适用的。此外,这些数据仅是在目前测定的;孔隙随时间的演化和相互连接不知道,因而所得到的盆地了解是一种不完整的情况,即使在现在也这样,为了完整了解情况,必须假定随时间影响盆地演化的参数。为了控制这些假设的有效性,尤其为了定量它们对盆地史的影响,定量的盆地模拟标准在过去的十年中已被发展(Doligez等,1986;Nakayama等,1987)。
In sedimentary basins, fluid pressure distribution is an important factor that affects hydrocarbon migration. If the sediment is very impermeable, under-compaction can occur until the point at which the point load reaches a point where sediment stress is unlikely to contain fluid pressure ruptures as the sediment load increases, causing the fluid to leak or migrate through the fracture. In addition, depending on the geological environment, the fluid pressure can be high enough to bring drilling a highly dangerous and expensive drilling cost. Therefore, the main challenge of petroleum geology is to evaluate the fluid pressure distribution in the basin and examine the factors that lead to fluid pressure generation. To achieve this goal, there is a need for geological studies of the evolution of sedimentary basins, but such studies are limited in problem solving because the data are incomplete. For example, fluid pressure and porosity data are only applicable at well locations, and permeability measurements are often inaccurate and very unsuitable. In addition, these data are only presently measured; the evolution and interconnection of pores over time are not known, and the resulting basin understanding is an incomplete situation, even now so that in order to be fully informed, it is necessary to assume that Time parameters that influence basin evolution. In order to control the validity of these assumptions, and in particular to quantify their impact on the history of the basin, quantitative basin modeling standards have been developed over the past decade (Doligez et al., 1986; Nakayama et al., 1987).