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近几年,人们在研究五四时期社会政治思想时,对于流行一时的“惟民主义”概念予以了关注。那么,“惟民主义”究竟是一个什么概念?是谁先提出来的,它的含义又是什么? “惟民主义”一词是英文“德莫克拉西”的译语,为张东荪最先采用。张在1915年6月发表于《甲寅杂志》的《行政与政治》一文里写道:“近世国家新式政治,得一言以蔽之曰:惟民主义也。”此语“在英语为democracy或Popular government,本译民主政(治)或民政。实则不仅近世之共和国足以当之,而今日立宪国,亦莫不可以此字冠之,如英伦乃其好例也,故易以今名。”陈独秀、高一涵、李大钊等使用“惟民主义”(或“唯民主义”)一词均在此后,因他们与张同是“甲寅”编辑或撰稿人,显然是接受了张的这个说法。
In recent years, when studying the social and political thoughts during the May 4th Movement, people paid close attention to the concept of populism that prevailed for a while. So, what is the concept of “democracy”? Who proposed it first? What is the meaning of “democracy”? The term “democracy” is the translation of “德莫克西西” in English, use. In an article in “Administration and Politics” published by Jiayin Magazine in June 1915, Zhang wrote: “The new-style politics in modern countries can be said in a nutshell: Democracy.” The term “in English is democracy or popular government, but as a matter of fact, not only the modern republic can suffice, but today the constitutional government can not even count this title. ”Chen Duxiu, Gao Yihan and Li Dazhao use the term“ democracy ”(or“ only democracy ”) since then because they and Zhang Tong are both editors and contributors of“ Jiayin ”who apparently accepted this statement.