AIM: To study the effect of chloroquine on the expression of human clotting factor IX (hFIX) in mice. METHODS:Hydrodynamics-based naked DNA plasmid administration was performed by tail vein injection of 10 μg of pCMVhFIX and chloroquine (0, 100, 200, and 500 μmol/L) in 2.2 mL of Ringer’ solution within 6-7 s, the level and stability of hFIX expression, liver damage and toxicity were then examined. RESULTS: The maximum expression of hFIX level was 4.4±-1.8 mg/L at 8 h after injection, 9.7±1.6 mg/L at 24 h only existed in 200 μmol/L chloroquinetreated animals, which is 3-4 fold higher than that of control (P＜0.01). There is no significant difference observed among all the treated groups, 3 d later. Transaminase level and liver histological study showed the damage of liver was not related to chloroquine (P＞0.05). CONCLUSION: Chloroquine can enhance and sustain exogenous gene expression in vivo without side effect under our experimental conditions.