论文部分内容阅读
对任何蓄水大坝工程的基本性能要求都是安全性,它包括以下安全要素:(1)结构安全性;(2)大坝安全监控;(3)运行安全和维护;(4)应急计划。长期安全包括:首先,分析影响项目的所有灾害,即自然环境灾害、人造环境灾害、特定项目和特定场地灾害。本文讨论的是大坝地震安全的特点。大坝是自20世纪30年代以来最早开始进行系统性抗震结构设计的建筑物,但由于多数大坝设计采用的是现今认为已过时的地震设计标准和动态分析方法,因此无法了解那些老坝的地震安全性。因此,需要基于当前最新做法,重新评估已建坝的地震安全性,并改造有缺陷的大坝。通常建议对大坝进行特定场地的地震危险性分析。当前的大坝以及用于控制强震后水库安全的设施必须能承受安全评估地震的地面运动。地震动参数可以利用概率或确定性地震危险性分析确定。强震作用下,大坝可能发生非弹性变形,因此需要在时域内进行地震分析。此外,地震对大坝造成的危害包括地面震动、断层移动、块体移动等。工程师所需的地面运动并非实际的地震地面运动,而是地面运动模型,用以进行大坝的抗震安全设计。同时必须牢记,在大坝较长的生命周期内,需要进行多次大坝安全评估。
The basic performance requirements for any impoundment dam are safety and include the following safety elements: (1) structural safety; (2) dam safety monitoring; (3) operational safety and maintenance; (4) contingency planning . Long-term safety includes: First, analyzing all disasters affecting the project, namely natural environmental disasters, artificial environmental disasters, specific projects and site-specific disasters. This article discusses the characteristics of dam seismic safety. Dams are the earliest buildings to have a systematic seismic design since the 1930s, but most dam designs do not understand the seismic design standards and dynamic analysis methods now considered obsolete Earthquake safety. Therefore, there is a need to reassess the seismic safety of dams that have been damped and to rehabilitate defective dams based on the current state of the art. Earthquake risk analysis of a particular dam site is generally recommended. Current dams and facilities used to control the safety of reservoirs after strong earthquakes must be able to withstand the ground motion of earthquakes for safety assessment. Ground motion parameters can be determined using probabilistic or deterministic seismic hazard analysis. Due to the strong earthquake, the dam may be inelastic deformation, so the need for seismic analysis in the time domain. In addition, the damage caused by the earthquake to the dam includes ground vibration, fault movement and block movement. The ground motion needed by engineers is not the actual seismic ground motion but the ground motion model for the seismic safety design of the dam. It must also be borne in mind that multiple dam safety assessments are required over the longer life of the dam.