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本试验利用放射性核素~(14)C及~(32)P研究了小麦不同秆高品种,在生育后期同化物质的运转与分配的差异,对矮秆品种灌浆不良、易青枯早衰的原因进行了探讨。试验结果表明,从灌浆初期至成熟,籽粒中放射性产物分配率迅速增加,11个品种平均,由32.5％增至77.8％,茎鞘各层则大幅度降低。此时的功能器官旗叶与倒二叶,存在着输送方向上的分工,旗叶同化产物70—80％运往穗部,其余运往植株上部茎鞘叶,而倒二叶却有50％同化产物供应植株上部及中部茎鞘叶,其余供应下部茎鞘叶及穗,约各占25％左右。生育后期茎鞘中贮存性干物质,亦呈现着向穗部的再输出,约占籽粒干重增长量的30—50％,不同品种间输出率有较大差异,变幅20—80％。矮秆品种功能器官的作用并不逊于高秆品种,其倒二叶同化物质对穗的贡献较高秆品种为高,但同时向茎鞘的分配率降低了30％,因而不利于维持生育后期植株中下部营养器官的代谢与功能,表现了矮秆品种易青枯早衰、茎鞘干物质向穗部的输出率仅为高秆品种的一半左右。
In this study, the radionuclides ~ (14) C and ~ (32) P were used to study the differences in the assimilation and distribution of assimilation substances in different wheat cultivars with different stalks. Discussed. The results showed that the distribution rate of radioactive products in grains increased rapidly from the early filling stage to maturity. The average percentage of 11 cultivars increased from 32.5% to 77.8%, while that of stems and sheaths decreased significantly. At this time, the functional organs of the flag leaf and the second leaf, there is the division of labor in the direction of delivery, the flag leaf assimilation products 70-80% shipped to the spike, the other transported to the upper stems and leaves of plants, while the second leaf has 50% assimilation product Supply upper and middle plant stems and leaves, the remaining supply stems and leaves the lower stem, about 25% each. The dry matter stored in the stem and sheath at the later growth stage showed re-export to the panicles, accounting for 30-50% of the increase of the dry weight of the grain. The output rate varied greatly among different varieties, ranging from 20-80%. Dwarf varieties of functional organs is not inferior to the high-stalk varieties, its second-leaf assimilation contributes to the ear higher than the high stalks, but at the same time to the stem and sheath distribution rate decreased by 30%, which is not conducive to maintaining the late growth period Metabolism and function of vegetative organs in the lower middle part of the plant showed that the short stubble varieties were easy to withered premature senility, and the export rate of stem and sheath dry matter to the spikes was only about half of the tall stalks.