一、前言上海市位于东海之滨的长江三角洲前缘,北依长江口,南临杭州湾。濒江临海的地理优势及长江三角洲肥壤沃野的滩涂资源,对上海市成陆过程起着十分重要的作用。建国四十年来,上海市郊共围垦滩涂98.9万余亩(表1),其中1965年前围垦50.6万亩,占围地总面积的51.2％。在新围垦的土地上,先后建立了十五个国营农场、三个部队农场、一个良种场、四个人民公社(乡),近年来还兴建了金山石化总厂、宝山钢铁总厂等大型工业基地[1],使海岸带成为上海农 I. Introduction Shanghai is located in the front of the Yangtze River Delta on the shores of the East China Sea. It borders on the Changjiang Estuary to the north and Hangzhou Bay to the south. The geographical advantages of the coastal waters and the beach resources of fertile land in the Yangtze River Delta play a very important role in the process of land formation in Shanghai. In the 40 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, a total of 989,000 mu of reclaimed beaches have been enclosed in the suburbs of Shanghai (Table 1). Among them, 50.6 mu of land was reclaimed by 1965, accounting for 51.2% of the total area enclosed. In the newly reclaimed land, fifteen state-owned farms, three army farms, one seed farm and four people’s communes (townships) have been set up successively. In recent years, large-scale industries such as Jinshan Petrochemical Plant and Baoshan Iron and Steel Plant have also been established. Base [1], so that the coastal zone to Shanghai farmers