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戏剧作为一种特殊的文学体裁,由情节和人物对白构成。戏剧中的人物对白不仅能揭示人物内心活动,而且能体现人物行为动机,从而推动情节发展。用语用学中格莱斯的会话含义理论来剖析威廉·莎士比亚喜剧巨作《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的对白,分析夏洛克是怎样违反合作原则的,而会话含义又是怎样产生的,从而为读者理解夏洛克这一极具争议性人物提供一个新的视角,并证明语用学应用于戏剧欣赏的可行性。
As a special literary genre, drama consists of plots and figures. The dialogue of characters in drama can not only reveal the inner activities of characters, but also reflect the motivation of characters and thus promote the development of plot. The theory of conversational implicature in Grice’s Pragmatics is used to analyze Sherlock’s dialogue in William Shakespeare’s comedy masterpiece Venice Businessmen. It analyzes how Sherlock violates the principle of cooperation and how the conversational meanings are produced. Readers understand Sherlock, a highly controversial figure, providing a new perspective and demonstrating the feasibility of pragmatics applied to drama appreciation.