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目的:研究黄精种子脂肪油的超临界CO_2萃取工艺及其质量分析。方法:以黄精种子脂肪油收率为评价指标,采用正交设计试验法优化超临界CO_2萃取黄精种子脂肪油的工艺参数。结果:超临界CO_2萃取黄精种子脂肪油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力26 MPa、温度40℃;分离釜Ⅰ压力19 MPa、温度60℃,分离釜Ⅱ压力6 MPa、温度50℃,分离釜Ⅲ压力6 MPa、温度40℃,萃取时间为90 min;黄精种子脂肪油的平均收率为1.90%。质量测定分析表明,黄精种子脂肪油的酸值、碘值、过氧化值分别为14.25、64.82和6.34;且黄精种子脂肪油由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、(E)-9-十二碳烯酸、15-甲基-十六烷酸、十五烷酸7种脂肪酸组成,其中棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸为主要脂肪酸成分;不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的71.57%。结论:与传统溶剂法相比,超临界CO_2萃取具有萃取时间短、脂肪油比较澄明、不使用有机溶剂等优点。
Objective: To study the supercritical CO_2 extraction process of the crude fat of Polygonatum sibiricum and its quality analysis. Methods: Based on the yield of crude oil of Polygonatum sibiricus as evaluation index, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the technological parameters of supercritical CO_2 extraction of polyphenols. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction pressure 26 MPa, temperature 40 ℃; separation tank Ⅰ pressure 19 MPa, temperature 60 ℃, separation tank Ⅱ pressure 6 MPa, temperature 50 ℃, separation tank Ⅲ pressure of 6 MPa, temperature of 40 ℃, extraction time of 90 min; the average yield of Polygonatum seed oil was 1.90%. The results of mass spectrometry showed that the acid value, iodine value and peroxide value of the fatty oil of Polygonatum sibiricum were 14.25, 64.82 and 6.34, respectively. And the Polygonatum seed oil was composed of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 9-dodecenoic acid, 15-methyl-hexadecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid, of which palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid are the main fatty acid components; unsaturated fatty acid accounts for the total amount of fatty acids Of 71.57%. Conclusion: Compared with the traditional solvent method, supercritical CO_2 extraction has the advantages of short extraction time, relatively stable fatty oil, and no use of organic solvents.