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利用自制的水砂流运移及突涌模型进行试验,模拟了采动覆岩体裂缝通道中水砂流的运移与突出过程,研究了煤层开采水砂混合流运移特性。根据煤层采动引起覆岩破坏形成的垮落带、导水裂缝带通道情况,将水砂混合流运移通道侧壁面分为平直光滑无充填的、粗糙起伏无充填的及有充填软弱泥质物质的3类,并针对这几种形态进行了模型试验。试验以0.05 MPa和0.1 MPa水压力条件下的不同通道裂缝宽度、不同倾角、不同通道侧壁形态为例,揭示了孔隙水压力在裂缝通道中不同位置的变化特征。突水涌砂在采空区是瞬间发生的,在裂缝通道内,根据孔隙水压力的变化,将水砂混合流运移过程分为相互关联的3个阶段:上升阶段、稳定阶段及突出阶段;总结了水砂混合流突出阶段的水压力变化曲线的特征,划分出了3种水砂突出类型:直泻式突出型、跳跃式突出型和缓坡式突出型。由此,探索了水砂混合流运移特征及动力机制。
The self-made water sand flow migration and inrush model were used to test the migration and salient process of water sand flow in the fracture channel of mining overburden rock. The migration characteristics of water-sand mixed flow in coal mining was studied. According to the caving zone of caving strata caused by coal mining and the channel of water-conducting fracturing zone, the side wall of the channel of water-sand mixed flow migration is divided into smooth, unfilled, rough, undamped and filled soft soil The three types of substances, and for these types of morphological model tests. The experimental results show that the variation of pore water pressure at different positions in the fracture channel is revealed by taking the fracture width, inclination angle and sidewall morphology of different channels under 0.05 MPa and 0.1 MPa water pressure as an example. Inrush gushing sand suddenly occurs in the gob area. According to the change of pore water pressure in the fracture channel, the mixed process of water-sand flow is divided into three phases: ascending phase, steady phase and salient phase The characteristics of the water pressure curve during the salient stage of water-sand mixed flow are summarized. Three kinds of water sand salient types are identified, such as direct-flow type, leap-type and gentle-type type. As a result, the migration characteristics and dynamic mechanism of water-sand mixed flow were explored.