一、绪言根系是果树的重要组成部分,它的生长和发育,影响着土壤的理化性质、空气、水分和温度等条件。同样,土壤的这些条件又影响着果树根系的生长和分布。例如,果树根系由于在土壤中分泌酸类、糖类和酶等物质,供给土壤微生物作为食物的源泉,而微生物的活动又为根的生活创造了必要的环境。因此说,果树植物和环境最密切的统一是通过根系而实现的。数十年前,人们对于根的机能知道得很少, I. INTRODUCTION Root system is an important part of fruit tree. Its growth and development affect the physico-chemical properties of the soil, air, moisture and temperature. Similarly, these soil conditions affect the growth and distribution of the root system of fruit trees. For example, the roots of fruit trees supply soil microbes as food sources because they secrete acids, sugars and enzymes in the soil, and microbial activity creates the necessary environment for root life. Therefore, the most uniform unity of fruit trees and the environment is achieved through the root system. Decades ago, people knew very little about the functioning of the roots,