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目的分析1995-2014年哈尔滨市道里区麻疹流行病学特征,为制定有效防制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对1995-2014年哈尔滨市道里区麻疹发病数据资料进行分析。结果 1995-2014年哈尔滨市道里区共报告麻疹病例243例,总发病率为1.58/10万,无死亡病例;发病高峰为4-5月,5月病例最多,占病例总数的37.44%,每3~4年麻疹疫情出现一次高峰;出现明显“双向移位”现象,8月龄以下和15岁以上成人组发病数高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=2.72,P<0.01),分别占病例总数的30.04%和45.23%;流动人口发病人数明显增加,占病例总数的50.61%;无免疫史和免疫史不详199例,占病例总数的81.89%;乡镇、城乡结合部发病人数高于城镇,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1.17,P<0.01)。结论应继续开展含麻疹成分疫苗常规免疫和查漏补种工作,对流动人口等重点地区、重点人群实施有效的预防接种,严格控制医院感染,切实提高麻疹监测系统运转质量,做好麻疹疫情的调查和处理,以便有效预防控制麻疹疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 1995 to 2014 in Daoli District, Harbin, and provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of measles incidence in Daoli District of Harbin during 1995-2014. Results A total of 243 measles cases were reported in Daoli District of Harbin City from 1995 to 2014, with a total incidence rate of 1.58 / 100 000 and no deaths. The peak incidence was from April to May. The most cases were in May, accounting for 37.44% of the total cases. The epidemic situation of measles appeared a peak in 3 ~ 4 years. The phenomenon of “bidirectional shift” was obvious. The incidence of the disease in adults below 8 months and above 15 years old was higher than other age groups (χ2 = 2.72, P <0.01), accounting for 30.04% and 45.23% of the total cases, respectively; the number of floating population increased significantly, accounting for 50.61% of the total cases; 199 cases without any history of immunization and immune history, accounting for 81.89% of the total cases; Department of the incidence of higher than the number of towns, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 1.17, P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Conventional immunization with measles vaccine and vaccination of leak detection should be carried out. Effective vaccination should be implemented in key areas and key populations such as floating population. Strict control of nosocomial infections should be implemented to effectively improve the operation quality of measles monitoring system and make measles epidemic Investigate and deal with them in order to effectively prevent and control the epidemic of measles.