大跃进时期中国的城镇化经历了一个高潮和衰退，大批农民一度涌入城镇，随后又被迫离开城镇。在这一波折中，经济落后地区波动强于经济相对发达地区，内陆波动强于沿海。从城市的层面上看，城镇行政等级高的城市波动低于行政等级低的城镇，人口规模大的城市波动低于人口规模小的城市。导致这次城镇化高潮和衰败的根本原因是大跃进的政策失误，但是也涉及到城乡隔离政策、粮食政策、区域发展政策、城镇发展政策的失误 Urbanization in China experienced a climax and decline during the Great Leap Forward. A large number of peasants once poured into cities and towns and were later forced to leave the cities and towns. During this twists and turns, the economy in the backward areas was more volatile than the economically developed areas, and the inland fluctuations were stronger than those in the coastal areas. At the urban level, cities with high administrative levels in cities and towns have lower volatility than cities with low administrative levels. Cities with large populations have less fluctuations than cities with smaller populations. The root cause of this upsurge and decline of urbanization is the policy blunders of the Great Leap Forward, but it also involves the mistakes of urban and rural isolation policy, grain policy, regional development policy and urban development policy