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反褶积是叠前地震数据处理中的重要环节,反褶积效果的好坏很大程度上依赖于地震子波的准确性.早期的反褶积处理大多数都是基于Robinson提出的平稳褶积模型,即地震子波是时不变的,但实际上由于地下介质的吸收衰减作用,地震子波是随时间不断变化的,这说明要进一步改善反褶积,使用时变的地震子波是必要的,因此本文提出了一种从地震资料中直接提取时变子波的方法.具体地,首先对单道地震数据做S变换求出其时频谱,进而得到其时变振幅谱,然后利用谱模拟技术从求得的地震记录振幅谱中拟合出每一时刻的子波振幅谱,在子波是零相位假设的前提下,拟合出的时变子波振幅谱即是所求频率域的时变子波,本文最后利用正演的单道地震记录和实际资料分别验证了所求频率域时变子波的准确性.
Deconvolution is an important part of prestack seismic data processing, and the deconvolution effect depends largely on the accuracy of seismic wavelet. Most of the early deconvolution processes are based on the Robinson flat fold The product model, the seismic wavelet, is time invariant, but in fact due to the absorption and attenuation of the subterranean media, the seismic wavelet changes over time, indicating that the deconvolution should be further improved by using time-varying seismic wavelet Therefore, this paper presents a method of extracting time-varying wavelets directly from seismic data.Firstly, the time-frequency spectrum of single-channel seismic data is obtained by S-transform, and then its time-varying amplitude spectrum is obtained, then The spectral amplitude spectrum of each time is fitted from the acquired seismic record amplitude spectrum by spectral simulation technique. The amplitude spectrum of the time-varying wave is fitted under the assumption of zero phase of the wavelet Time-domain wavelets in the frequency domain, the accuracy of the time-varying wavelets in the frequency domain is verified by using the single-channel seismic records and the actual data.