目的　探讨ｂｃｌ２ 和ｂａｘ 在人类大肠腺癌中的表达及其意义．方法　运用ＨＥ 染色和免疫组织化学方法对７２ 例人类大肠腺癌进行研究，并采用５ 例正常人类结肠组织作为对照．结果　①大肠腺癌的细胞凋亡随肿瘤分化的不同，而有显著的差异（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ，肿瘤的分化程度越高，凋亡指数ＡＩ 值越大．②ｂｃｌ２ 和ｂａｘ 基因在大肠腺癌中均具有较高程度的表达． ③ｂｃｌ２ 和ｂａｘ 基因均与大肠腺癌的分化程度有关（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） ，肿瘤分化越低，其表达也就越低． ④ｂｃｌ２ 和ｂａｘ 基因在大肠腺癌组织中阳性反应呈显著正相关（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５ ，γ＝ ０－５２３） ．结论　ＨＥ 染色切片可以识别典型的凋亡细胞，大肠腺癌中的细胞凋亡与肿瘤的恶性程度有关，恶性程度越大，细胞凋亡越少；ｂｃｌ２ 与ｂａｘ 基因均与大肠腺癌的细胞凋亡的调控有关，在此过程中二者也相互作用，并且可能在大肠腺癌分化的中晚期共同调控，以抑制细胞凋亡作用为主． Objective To investigate the expression and significance of bcl2 and bax in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods 72 cases of human colorectal adenocarcinoma were studied by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Five normal human colon tissues were used as controls. Results 1 Apoptosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma was different with tumor differentiation, but there was a significant difference (P<0-01). The higher the tumor differentiation, the greater the apoptotic index AI value. 2bcl2 and bax genes have high expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Both 3bcl2 and bax genes were associated with the degree of differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinoma (P<0-05). The lower the tumor differentiation, the lower the expression. The positive reaction of 4bcl2 and bax genes in colorectal adenocarcinoma showed a significant positive correlation (P<0-05, γ=0-523). Conclusion HE stained sections can identify typical apoptotic cells. Apoptosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma is related to the degree of malignancy of the tumor. The greater the degree of malignancy, the lower the apoptosis; the bcl 2 and bax genes are associated with the colorectal adenocarcinoma. Apoptosis is involved in the regulation of apoptosis. In the process, the two also interact with each other, and may be jointly regulated in the middle and late stages of the differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinoma to suppress apoptosis.