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Objective: To explore the roles of persistent systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis and the effects of saponins of Panax Notoginseng (PNS) on this process in rabbits. Methods: Thirty rabbits were divided randomly and equally into 6 groups, i.e., control, high-fat diet, inflammation, aspirin, PNS and simple-inflammation group. All the animals except that in control group and simple-inflammation group were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Based on that,rabbits in inflammation, aspirin and PNS groups were treated with zymosan injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Normal saline was given to rabbits in control group. Besides zymosan injection, animals in aspirin and PNS group were administrated with aspirin (12 mg/kg, i.g.) and PNS (120 mg/kg, i.g.) respectively. The animals in simple-inflammation group were treated with zymosan injection (10mg/kg, i.p.) and fed with normal diet. The atherosclerosis lesion in aortas was observed by Sudan IV staining. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), TNF-α and activity of post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were measured at the end of the 4th and 8th week after an overnight fast. Results: Compared with high-fat diet group, the area of atherosclerosis lesion, serum TG and TNF-α were markedly increased in rabbits of inflammation group, and the activity of LPL was decreased remarkably. Serum TNF-α level was negatively correlated with the activity of post-heparin LPL (r=-0.708, P