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子宫内膜异位症（ EMs）是育龄妇女常见的良性疾病，是雌激素依赖性多因素疾病，近年来其发病率有明显升高的趋势。 EMs临床表现复杂多样，具有侵袭性和高复发性，并有恶变潜能。近年研究提出“在位内膜决定论”，提示EMs直接受基因调控、间接受卵巢甾体激素调节，多种基因与性激素的相互作用导致子宫内膜细胞的异常增殖，凋亡减少，黏附性减弱，促进异位内膜的种植与侵袭。该文就与EMs的发生、发展相关的几种分子生物学指标进行综述，以探讨 EMs诊断及治疗的新思路。“,”Endometriosis ( EMs ) is a estrogen-dependent multifactorial disease , commonly found in women of reproductive age,its incidence rate has significantly increased in recent years .The clinical manifes-tations of endometriosis are complicated and varied with invasiveness and high recurrence rate ,and has malig-nant potential.″The eutopic endometrium determinism″has been raised in recent years,it suggests endometri-osis is regulated by gene directly and adjusted by ovarian steroid hormones indirectly ,the interaction between multiple genes and hormones would lead to abnormal proliferation of endometrial cells ,apoptosis,weakened adhesion,and promote the invasion and cultivation of ectopic endometrium .Here is to make a review of sever-al molecular biological indicators which are related to the occurrence and development of endometriosis , in order to investigate new ideas of diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.