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从二十世纪开始,在文化批判中“神话”一词的意义不只是民间文学类型,而更多地指代一种特殊的思维逻辑,是对一种集体非理性状态的描述,成为了理性主义批判的对象。罗兰·巴特[Roland Barthes]在《神话学》中认为“神话是一种言说方式”[Myth is a type of speech]。~1这种言说方式也越来越多地和居伊·德波[Guy Debord]所说的“景观社会”[Spectacle Society]~2—一愚化现代社会的企图结合在了一起。然而,法兰克福学派的哲学家马克斯·霍克海默[M.Max Horkheimer]和西奥多·阿多诺[Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno]却认为:历史启蒙运动被嵌入了神话的逻辑,已然变成了神话,而神话却暗藏着启蒙的力量,这就是启蒙的辩证法。
From the beginning of the twentieth century, in the cultural criticism, the meaning of the term “mythology” is not only the type of folklore, but also refers more to a particular logic of thinking as a description of a state of collective irrationality as The object of rationalism criticism. Roland Barthes in Mythology holds that “Myth is a type of speech.” More and more, this way of speaking is combined with what Guy Debord calls the “Spectacle Society” - an attempt to fool the modern world. However, the Frankfurt school philosopher M. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno argue that the logic of the historical Enlightenment embedded in the myth has become a myth, Myths hide the power of enlightenment, which is the dialectic of enlightenment.