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统儒家的“仁爱”思想可从两个层面、四个历史发展阶段加以理解。两个层面即核心精神层面——仁者爱人的理想性目标与为仁之方、能近取譬的道德实践方法论和推行“仁政”的政治实践方法论两个大的层面。四个阶段是周秦时代原始儒家的仁爱思想,以孔孟荀为代表。第二阶段是汉至唐代儒家的仁爱思想,其代表人物是董仲舒和韩愈。第三阶段是宋元明清时期的新儒家。第四个阶段是晚清至现代新儒家。当代中国的价值秩序重构要以“仁爱”为心灵的起点。
Confucianism “benevolence ” thought can be understood from two levels and four stages of historical development. The two levels of the core spiritual level - the benevolent ideal goal of benevolence and benevolent parties, can be drawn on two major aspects of the methodology of moral practice and the political practice methodology of “benevolent government.” The four stages are the original Confucian kindness thought of the Zhou and Qin dynasties, represented by Confucius, Mencius and Mencius. The second stage is the kindhearted thought of Confucianism from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, whose representatives are Dong Zhongshu and Han Yu. The third stage is the Neo-Confucianism of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The fourth stage is from the late Qing Dynasty to modern Neo-Confucianism. The Reconstruction of the Value Order in Contemporary China Must Start with “Benevolence” as the Heart.