近代公民概念和古希腊、古罗马公民概念虽然存在着继承关系,却有着本质的区别,其不再具有特权阶层的含义,强调的是人与人之间的平等关系。因此,理解近代意义的公民的概念不能限于“具有一个国家国籍的自然人”的简单界定。公民权利和基本权利间既有联系也有区别,公民权利主要指个人参政方面的权利,而其源由则要溯及到个人在国家与社会中身份的二元化问题。 The concept of modern citizen and the concept of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, although there is inheritance, have the essential difference. They no longer have the meaning of privileged class, and emphasize the equal relationship between people. Therefore, the concept of citizenship in the modern sense can not be limited to the simple definition of “a natural person with a nationality of one country”. There are both connections and differences between civil rights and basic rights. Civil rights mainly refer to the rights of individuals in their participation in politics. Their origins must be traced back to the dualization of the identities of individuals in the state and society.