概述了高效减水剂的研究现状。作为一种新型高效减水剂,聚羧酸减水剂目前已经成为国内外研究和发展的热点。目前,聚羧酸减水剂的合成有多种方法,原料也多种多样,合成条件也各不相同,因此合成的减水剂性能也有所差异。我国常用可聚单体直接聚合来制备聚羧酸减水剂。介绍了大单体的各种合成方法及影响因素。合成大单体的方法有直接酯化法、酯交换法、直接醇化法、烯醇与环氧乙烷聚合法等。 The research status of superplasticizer is summarized. As a new type of superplasticizer, polycarboxylate superplasticizer has become a hot research and development at home and abroad. At present, polycarboxylate superplasticizer synthesis of a variety of methods, a variety of raw materials, synthetic conditions are also different, so the performance of the superplasticizer are also different. China commonly used monomer polymerization to prepare polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Various synthesis methods and influencing factors of macromonomers are introduced. Synthetic macromonomer methods are direct esterification, transesterification, direct alcohol, enol and ethylene oxide polymerization and so on.