国有企业不适应市场经济运行法则主要有两大原因:一是计划经济的管理体制、管理手段和企业结构仍在沿用,政企不分、政资不分仍困扰和阻碍着企业向市场化发展;二是当前在认识上有误区,重改革,轻管理,企业管理弱化;三是决策方法、手段和行为滞后于市场变化。当前,经营者市场还远未发育成熟,企业家意识的缺乏以及经营者选拔机制的缺陷,使得经营者市场还不能发挥其约束作用。资本市场是外部约束机制的根本和首 There are two main reasons why state-owned enterprises are not suited to the law of market economy: First, the planned economy’s management system, management tools and corporate structure are still in use; the separation of government from enterprises and the separation of government from capital are still troubling and hindering the development of enterprises toward the market Second, the current misunderstanding on the understanding, re-reform, light management, business management weakening; Third, decision-making methods, tools and behavior lagged behind the market changes. At present, the market of managers is far from mature, the lack of entrepreneurial awareness and the defect of the mechanism of the selection of managers make the market of managers still unable to exert their restraint. Capital markets are the fundamental and first external constraint mechanism