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美国和加拿大之间约有5000英里长的共有边界,是处在高度工业化地区。跨国界大气污染乃是该地区由来已久的一个严重问题。本世纪三十年代来,著名的特雷尔冶炼厂国际大气污染仲裁案就是发生在这一地区。到了七十年代中期,美加两国间的主要的跨国界大气污染问题已不是诸如特雷尔冶炼厂这一类的近距离污染,而是由污染群造成的远距离跨界酸雨污染。受地理位置,气候及其他自然条件的限制,在美加双边酸雨污染中,加拿大所受危害较美国更甚,有鉴于酸雨污染危害的长期性和严重性,十多年来,美国和加拿大两国政府及学者频繁展开或参与了立法活动,以图控制跨国界酸雨。这些立法活动概括起来可分为三个方面:一是拟定大气质量合作协定;二是在国内法规中就大气污染控制作出规定;三是通过国
The 5,000-mile-long common border between the United States and Canada is in a highly industrialized area. Cross-border air pollution is a long-standing serious problem in the region. The thirties of this century, the famous Terrell smelter international air pollution arbitration case occurred in this area. By the mid-1970s, the major cross-border air pollution problems between the United States and Canada were no longer the close-range pollution such as the Terrell refinery, but the long-distance transboundary acid rain pollution caused by the pollution groups. Due to geographical location, climate and other natural conditions, Canada is harming more than the United States in acid rain pollution in the United States and Canada. In view of the long-term and serious damage caused by acid rain, the United States and Canada have for more than a decade Government and academics frequently or participated in legislative activities aimed at controlling cross-border acid rain. These legislative activities can be summed up in three aspects: one is the formulation of air quality cooperation agreements; the other is the regulation of air pollution in domestic laws and regulations; the third is through countries