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用9个冬小麦品种按5×4不完全双列杂交设计组配20个杂交组合,对小麦粒叶比的杂种优势和遗传效应进行分析。结果表明,小麦粒叶比表现出一定的杂种优势;一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达极显著水平,说明亲本的粒叶比差异及杂交互作均对F1代产生遗传差异,该试验中石6021、农大99260080等的一般配合力较大,石6021×农大99260080、鲁麦14×济南17等组合的特殊配合力较大,产生了较强的杂种优势;粒叶比遗传符合加性—显性遗传模型,但以加性效应为主,其遗传决定度达87.65%,狭义遗传力为64.71%;在高粒叶比品种选育上应重视高粒叶比亲本筛选利用和杂交后代的早代选择。
Nine winter wheat cultivars were used to study the heterosis and genetic effects of grain-leaf ratio of wheat by 20 × 100 × 5 × 4 incomplete diallel crosses. The results showed that the grain-leaf ratio of wheat showed some heterosis. The variance of general combining ability and special combining ability reached extremely significant level, which showed that the genetic ratio of grain-leaf ratio of parents and crossover interaction all had genetic difference on F1 generation. 6021, Nongda 99260080 and so on. The special combination ability of Shi 6021 × Nongda 99260080, Lumai 14 × Jinan 17 was greater, which resulted in a stronger heterosis; Sexual inheritance model, but with additive effect, the genetic determinacy is up to 87.65% and narrow heritability is 64.71%. In the breeding of high grain-leaf ratio varieties, the selection of high grain-leaves should pay more attention to the selection and utilization of high grain-leaves than that of the parents Choose.