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公元前5世纪时期,人们认为人体具有三种灵魂:生长灵魂,这是人、动物和植物所共有的,在人体它位于脐部;动物灵魂,这是人和动物所共有的,它位于心脏,主管感觉和运动;理性灵性灵魂,这只有人才具备,位于脑部,主管智慧。亚里士多德则分别称这三种灵魂为生殖灵魂、感觉灵魂及理性灵魂。植物只有生殖灵魂,动物有前二种灵魂,只有人才具备三种灵魂。当时,人们对灵魂、人体充满了困惑和不解。盖伦的人体质疑、维萨里的人体解剖、哈维的血液循环……正是这些人的研究,才使得我们能够正确的认知自己。当然,关于生命科学这个复杂的体系,我们还有许多疑惑。
During the 5th century BC, people believed that the human body had three kinds of souls: the growing soul, which is common to humans, animals, and plants. In the human body it is located in the umbilicus; the animal soul, which is shared by humans and animals, is located in the heart Sense of feelings and movements in charge; rational spiritual souls, which only talents have, are located in the brain, in charge of wisdom. Aristotle then called these three kinds of souls as reproductive souls, sense souls, and rational souls. Plants only have reproductive souls, animals have the first two kinds of souls, and only talents have three kinds of souls. At that time, people were full of confusion and confusion about the soul and the human body. Galen’s human questioning, Visari’s human anatomy, and Harvey’s blood circulation... It is these people’s studies that make us able to correctly recognize ourselves. Of course, we still have many doubts about the complex system of life sciences.