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晚清时期发生的持续三十年的洋务运动,史家大都认为它只是造船造炮之类器物层面的改革运动。洋务运动是不是仅为器物层面的革新?有没有内在的合理因素支撑着洋务运动的发生与发展?洋务运动在深层的精神层面的历史价值何在?剖析洋务运动的领袖李鸿章对西方近代科学的认识,是回答以上一系列问题的关键所在。笔者近年来发掘出《李鸿章全集》佚文——李鸿章为《格物入门七种》等五种中译西书所作的序言,这些序言揭示了李鸿章确实研读过西学书籍,并且有着独到的见解。他致力于引进西学,是洋务运动第一次使科学和技术成为中国社会重要的文化因素,这种因素正是封建社会向现代化社会转换所必备的。
During the late Qing Dynasty, the Westernization Movement, which lasted for 30 years, was mostly considered by historians as a reform movement at the utensil level such as shipbuilding and artillery. Is not the Westernization Movement only an innovation at the material level? Is there any intrinsic and rational factor that supports the occurrence and development of the Westernization Movement? What is the historical value of the Westernization Movement on the deep spiritual level? An analysis of Li Hongzhang, the leader of the Westernization Movement, , Is the key to answering the above series of questions. In recent years, the author has explored the preface made by Li Hung-chang, the Lost Article of the Complete Works of Li Hong-chang - Li Hongzhang’s five kinds of translations of western books such as “The Beginning of Seven Articles of Geometry”. These prefaces reveal that Li Hongzhang really studied the Western books and has unique insights. His commitment to the introduction of Western learning is the first time that the Westernization Movement made science and technology an important cultural element in Chinese society. This factor is exactly what the feudal society has to transform itself into a modern society.