在我国,核技术和放射性核素的大范围应用已有二十多年的历史了,已为现代化建设作出了很大贡献。但是,目前这个领域中的辐射防护工作与应用事业的发展,与世界上发达国家相比还有较大的差距。例如,误入钴源房和丢失放射性物质的事故发生率较高,工作场所辐射防护条件仍需改进,有些工作场所空气中气溶胶污染或表面污染明显存在,工作人员的受照剂量较高。以医用X线工作人员为例,我国目前的受照水平与很多国家六十 In our country, the extensive application of nuclear technology and radionuclides has been going on for more than two decades and has greatly contributed to the modernization drive. However, there is still a big gap between the development of radiological protection and application in this field as compared with the developed countries in the world. For example, there is a high incidence of accidents involving radioactive sources in the cobalt source house and the loss of radioactive material. There is still room for improvement in radiation protection conditions. Some workplace airborne aerosols or surface contaminants are clearly present and workers are exposed to higher doses. Taking the medical X-ray staff as an example, China’s present level of exposure is comparable to that of many countries