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本文主旨在于比较细微地清理马歇尔对凯恩斯就业理论的影响。马歇尔经济学说对凯恩斯就业理论的影响甚为复杂。后者对前者既有背离的一面,又有继承的一面;背离中还保留着继承的实质内容,继承中又伴随着发展。更有甚者,马歇尔经济学说有些基本理论实际上确实由凯恩斯继承了,但在表面上并不明显,有的几乎只是简单触及或含蓄暗示,这就使这种继承关系特别隐晦难辨。因此,这个独特而庞杂的就业一般理论在表面上显得特别新颖奥秘,凯恩斯自己也再三强调“摆脱旧说”的“长期挣扎”,从而仿佛完全是出于他自己的“匠心独造”,完全背离了马歇尔;但实际上凯恩斯“新经济学”确实留存着马歇尔传统经济学说的深沉烙印。这就有必要对这种错综复杂的背离与继承关系进行认真清理和明细分析。
The purpose of this paper is to look more closely at Marshall's influence on Keynesian employment theory. The influence of Marshallian economics on Keynesian employment theory is very complicated. The latter has both the deviating side and the inheriting side to the former; while the deviations also retain the substance of inheritance, the inheritance also accompanies the development. What is more, some fundamental theories of Marshallian economics actually actually inherited by Keynes, but apparently not obvious on the surface, others are almost only simple touches or subtle implication, which make this kind of succession relationship particularly obscure. Therefore, this unique and complex general theory of employment appears superficially mysterious on the surface, and Keynes himself has repeatedly stressed the “long-term struggle” of “getting rid of the old saying” and thus seems completely out of his own “complete independence” and complete Departure from Marshall; but in fact, Keynes's “New Economics” really retains the profound imprint of the traditional economics of Marshall. This necessitates a careful cleanup and detailed analysis of this intricate relationship of deviation and succession.