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意大利物理学家费米(1901—1954)是一位全能的物理大师,费米在其有限的一生中,对现代物理诸多领域做出了杰出贡献。他创立了费米——狄拉克统计法;对电磁辐射量子论进行了富有成效的研究;建立了原子核β衰变的量子理论;他用中子轰击原子核产生了人工放射性,并发现慢中子效应;他领导并参与了世界上第一座自持链式反应堆的建立,并且为第一个原子弹的研制做出了重要贡献;他在粒子物理和天体物理方面也有很深造诣。此外,费米还是一位杰出的学术带头人和优秀的教师,他先后在罗马和芝加哥建立了影响深远的物理学派,费米之所以做出如此多的重大贡献,是与他研究物理的独特风格分不开的。 1.理论和实验相结合,杨振宁曾指出,战后美国高能物理的成功是在于同时做了两件事:实用的和不实用的,并且配合得非常之好,体现了美国物理的真正精神,而这种精神是费米带来的(曹天予“从π介子到夸克”,《自然辩证法通讯》1985年第5期,第79页),费米的夫人劳拉在《原子在我家中》一书中也曾形象地写道:“费米一生中总是摇摆于理论物理学和实验
The Italian physicist Fermi (1901-1954) is a master of all-powerful physics, and Fermi made outstanding contributions to many fields of modern physics in his limited life. He founded the Fermi-Dirac statistic method; he conducted a fruitful study of the electromagnetic radiation quantum theory; he established the quantum theory of nuclear beta decay; he produced artificial radioactivity by bombarding the nucleus with neutrons and found that the slow neutron effect He led and participated in the establishment of the world’s first self-sustaining chain reactor and has made a significant contribution to the development of the first atomic bomb; he also has deep knowledge of particle physics and astrophysics. In addition, Fermi is an outstanding academic leader and outstanding teacher. He established successively influential schools of physics in Rome and Chicago. The reason why Fermi made so many significant contributions is that he studies the uniqueness of physics Style is inseparable. 1. Combining theory with experiment, Yang Zhenning once pointed out that the success of post-war American high-energy physics lies in the fact that there are two things that are done at the same time: practical and impractical, and they work well together, embodying the true spirit of American physics, This spirit was brought by Fermi (Cao Tian-yu “from pion to quark”, Dialectics of Nature, No. 5, 1985, p. 79), and Mrs. Ferra, The book also vividly wrote: "Fermi always sway in theoretical physics and experiment