目的:探讨婴儿期白内障摘除手术后患儿眼轴长度、角膜屈光力、屈光度数变化情况及其发展规律。方法:回顾性队列研究。选取2015年1月1日至2018年12月31日在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院杭州院区103例因先天性白内障婴儿期接受白内障摘除手术患儿的病历资料，男性61例，女性42例，行手术时月龄为（3.95±1.94）个月。双眼白内障患儿均双眼接受白内障摘除手术，选取左眼进行分析。入选患儿至少随访1年，患儿按白内障摘除手术时月龄分为<4月龄组和4~12月龄组，比较患儿白内障摘除手术前及手术后1年的眼轴长度、角膜屈光力、检影验光的等效球镜度数以及变化量，采用独立样本n t检验、单因素方差分析和简单线性回归法进行统计学分析。n 结果:双眼白内障患儿71例，<4月龄组33例，4~12月龄组38例；单眼白内障患儿32例，<4月龄组17例，4~12月龄组15例。<4月龄组双眼患儿术后1年眼轴长度变化量为（2.46±1.33）mm，大于4~12月龄组的（1.52±1.00）mm，差异有统计学意义（n t=3.21；n P0.05）。术后1年，双眼患儿患眼、单眼患儿患眼及对侧眼眼轴长度均与实际月龄的对数高度正相关（n r=0.68，0.52，0.73；均n P<0.01）。角膜屈光力随年龄增大总体呈减少趋势，0.05）。<4月龄组双眼患儿术后1年屈光度数变化量为（2.02±2.60）D，大于4~12月龄组的（0.69±1.89）D，差异有统计学意义（n t=2.15；n P<0.05）。单眼患儿患眼4~12月龄组术后1年屈光度数变化量为（2.05±0.95）D，大于双眼患儿4~12月龄组的（0.69±1.89）D，差异有统计学意义（n t=2.49；n P<0.05）。术后1年，双眼及单眼患儿患眼屈光度数均与实际月龄成高度负相关（n r=-0.51，-0.54；均n P<0.01）。n 结论:婴儿期白内障摘除手术后1年，患儿眼轴长度增长，角膜屈光力降低，屈光度数降低，且患儿手术年龄越小，眼轴长度、角膜屈光力、近视漂移变化量越大。n （中华眼科杂志，2021，57：34-40）“,”Objective:To investigate the changes of axial length, corneal refractive power, and refractive state in infants with congenital cataract surgery.Methods:Retrospective cohort study. Medical records of 103 patients who underwent congenital cataract surgery in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Hangzhou Branch from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were reviewed. There were 61 boys and 42 girls in the study. The mean age at the surgery of 103 congenital cataract patients was (3.95±1.94) months. In patients receiving bilateral cataract surgery, only the left eye was selected for analysis. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The patients were divided into the groups of <4 months old and 4-12 months old according to the age at cataract surgery. The change in the axial length, corneal refractive power, and refractive state of each patient at 1 year after surgery was analyzed. Independent sample n t-test, one way variance analysis and simple linear regression were used for statistical analysis.n Results:There were 71 cases of bilateral cataract, including 33 in the group of <4 months old and 38 in the group of 4-12 months old, and 32 cases of unilateral cataract, including 17 in the group of <4 months old and 15 in the group of 4-12 months old. The change in the axial length of bilateral cataract children in the <4-month-old group was (2.46±1.33) mm at 1 year after surgery, which was greater than (1.52± 1.00) mm in the group of 4-12 months old ( n t=3.21; n P0.05). One year after surgery, the axial length of the eyes in patients with bilateral cataract, the affected eyes and the fellow eyes in patients with unilateral cataract all was highly correlated with the logarithm of the actual age (n r=0.68, 0.52, 0.73; all n P<0.01). The corneal refractive power showed a decreased trend with the increase of age. The change in the corneal refractive power of the bilateral cataract children in the 0.05). The chang in spherical equivalent of bilateral cataract children was (2.02±2.60) D in the <4-month-old group, greater than that in the group of 4-12 months old [(0.69±1.89) D;n t=2.15; n P<0.05]. The change of spherical equivalent one year after surgery in 4-12 months group, unilateral cataract eyes was significantly greater than that of bilateral cataract eyes [(2.05±0.95) Dn vs.(0.69±1.89) D; n t=2.49; n P<0.05]. The spherical equivalent of both bilateral and unilateral cataract children was highly correlated with the actual age (n r=-0.51, -0.54; both n P<0.01).n Conclusions:The axial length is increased, the corneal refractive power is decreased, and the spherical equivalent is decreased at 1 year after surgery for congenital cataract in infants. The younger the age at cataract surgery, the greater the change in the axial length, myopia drift, and corneal refractive power.n (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 34-40)