目的探索攀枝花市肺结核病人密切接触者发病的相关危险因素。方法对2007年1月至2008年6月期间内尚未完成治疗疗程的各级结防机构登记的肺结核病人的密切接触者,通过胸部X线检查、痰涂片检查,并结合受检者的临床症状诊断是否患有活动性肺结核病,同时对所有密切接触者进行连续8个月的随访观察,对密切接触者检查获得的数据利用SPSS软件,应用Logistic回归进行分析和χ2检验对相关数据进行分析。结果共有1475名密切接触者接受检查,共发现活动性肺结核病人14例,持续8个月的跟踪观察全部密切接触者无新发肺结核病例。通过对检查结果应用Logistic回归分析发现影响肺结核病人密切接触者患病的危险因素为居住地(城市或农村)(χ2=3.415,P<0.05,OR=4.148)、密切接触者的性别(χ2=4.955,P<0.05,OR=0.232),而与密切接触者年龄(0～14岁或≥15岁)(χ2=1.181,P>0.05,OR=3.106)、密切接触者与肺结核病人的密切关系(亲属或非亲属)(χ2<0.001,P>0.05,OR<0.001)、肺结核病人的痰涂片检查结果(涂阴、±、1+、2+、3+、4+)(χ2=2.017,P>0.05,OR=0.771)、肺结核病人咳嗽程度(咳嗽<3周、≥3周或无咳嗽症状)(χ2=0.003,P>0.05,OR=0.971)无关。并应用χ2检验对攀枝花市与全国相关数据进行比较,发现攀枝花市活动性肺结核密切接触者的患病率为949.15/10万,高于2000年我国流调时367.03/10万的患病率(χ2=13.528,P<0.05,OR=2.601,OR95%C.I.(1.533,4.415)。结论影响攀枝花市肺结核病人密切接触者肺结核发病的相关危险因素由高到低依次为居住地、密切接触者的性别,而密切接触者与肺结核病人的密切关系、年龄、肺结核病人的痰涂片检查结果、肺结核病人咳嗽程度与密切接触者发病无关,提示我们在今后的工作中应重视痰涂片涂阴肺结核病人的密切接触者的筛查工作,尤其是在广大的农村地区我们更应重视密切接触者的筛查工作。 Objective To explore the risk factors associated with the close contacts of tuberculosis patients in Panzhihua City. Methods The close contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered at various levels of prevention and treatment institutions who have not completed the treatment course between January 2007 and June 2008 were examined by chest X-ray and sputum smear combined with the clinical The symptoms were diagnosed as having active pulmonary tuberculosis. At the same time, all the close contacts were followed up for 8 consecutive months. The SPSS software was used to check the data of close contacts. Logistic regression analysis and χ2 test were used to analyze the related data . Results A total of 1475 close contacts were examined. A total of 14 active pulmonary tuberculosis cases were found. No new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were observed in all close contacts after 8 months of follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for the close contacts of tuberculosis patients were the residence (urban or rural) (χ2 = 3.415, P <0.05, OR = 4.148), the close contact sex (χ2 = 4.955, P <0.05, OR = 0.232). However, the close contact with tuberculosis patients was closely related to the close contact age (0-14 or ≥15 years) (χ2 = 1.181, P> 0.05, OR = 3.106) (Relatives or non-relatives) (χ2 <0.001, P> 0.05, OR <0.001). The results of sputum smear test in tuberculosis patients (χ2 = 2.017 , P> 0.05, OR = 0.771). The degree of cough in tuberculosis patients (cough less than 3 weeks, no more than 3 weeks or no cough) (χ2 = 0.003, P> 0.05, OR = 0.971) And the Chi-square test was used to compare the data of Panzhihua and the whole country. The prevalence of close contacts of active tuberculosis in Panzhihua was 949.15 / lakh, which was higher than the prevalence of 367.03 / lakh in flow control in 2000 χ2 = 13.528, P <0.05, OR = 2.601, OR95% CI (1.533,4.415) .Conclusion The risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in close contact with TB patients in Panzhihua City are: , And the close contact with tuberculosis patients, age, pulmonary tuberculosis sputum smear test results, tuberculosis cough and incidence of close contacts has nothing to do, suggesting that in the future we should pay attention to sputum smear smear negative tuberculosis patients Of the close contacts of the screening work, especially in the vast rural areas, we should pay more attention to the screening of close contacts.