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目的:探讨神经生长因子(nerve growth factor，NGF)和第10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10，PTEN)双基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞促进周围神经再生。方法:通过构建NGF稳定转染的骨髓间充质干细胞株，PTEN基因的siRNA瞬时转染NGF-BMSC稳转株，构建双基因修饰的BMSC。采用切断坐骨神经法构建周围神经损伤模型，BMSC移植治疗，随机分为空白对照组，普通细胞组和双基因修饰组。采用SFI测定实验和肌湿重恢复率测量实验检测损伤神经元的功能恢复情况，利用Nestin-1免疫组化染色，HE和LFB染色以及透射电镜下观察再生神经超微结构，检测损伤后的神经元的分化和再生能力。结果:双基因修饰组BMSC治疗后神经功能恢复能力明显强于普通细胞治疗组(n P<0.05)；双基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞在神经损伤局部能更好地存活，分布更广；双基因修饰组BMSC治疗后，神经分化能力更强，更能促进神经轴突和髓鞘再生。n 结论:NGF基因的过表达和PTEN基因的沉默的双重修饰的BMSC，能够更好地促进周围神经损伤后神经元的分化和再生能力，达到更好的治疗效果。“,”Objective:To investigate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) modified by nerve growth factor (NGF) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 genes (PTEN) double gene in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration.Methods:By constructing the NGF-transfected BMSC line, the siRNA of PTEN gene was transiently transfected into NGF-BMSC stably transformed strain to construct a double gene modified BMSC. The peripheral nerve injury model was constructed by cutting the sciatic nerve. BMSC was transplanted and they were randomly divided into blank control group, normal cell group and double gene modified group. The SFI test and muscle wet weight recovery rate test were used to detect the functional recovery of injured neurons. Nestin-1 immunohistochemical staining, HE and LFB staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the ultrastructure of regenerated neurons to detect the differentiation and regeneration ability of injured neurons.Results:After BMSC treatment, the ability of neural function recovery in the double gene modified group was significantly stronger than that in the normal cell group (n P<0.05); the BMSC in the double gene modified group could survive better and distribute more widely in the injured area of nerve; after BMSC treatment, the ability of neural differentiation in the double gene modified group was stronger and could promote the regeneration of axon and myelin sheath.n Conclusion:The BMSC modified by overexpression of NGF gene and silencing of PTEN gene can better promote the differentiation and regeneration of neurons after peripheral nerve injury and achieve better therapeutic effect.