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加入WTO前,我国工业发展战略的演变,基本上是围绕着对外贸易战略、利用外资战略和产业结构战略的转变面展开的。我国的对外贸易战略具有由改革前的进口替代战略向出口导向战略转变的趋势,总体上仍处于有保护的出口促进战略的阶段;外资战略由限制外资战略向鼓励外资战略转变;而我国产业结构战略的转变,则是与工业化过程的演进和经济体制改革的推进相伴随的,大体上经历了1979-1988年扭转片面重工业化倾向、大力发展以轻工业为主的加工制造业的阶段,1989-1991年调整工业内部结构、控制一般加工工业发展、加强基础工业和基础设施的阶段,1992-2001年加快技术密集型产业发展、推动工业结构由高加工度化向技术集约化转变的阶段。这三种战略的转变不是孤立进行的,而是形成了一个相互影响、相互促进的有机整体,构成了我国扩大开放进程中工业发展战略演变的一条主线。
Before the accession to the WTO, the evolution of China’s industrial development strategy was basically started with the transformation of foreign trade strategy, foreign capital strategy and industrial structure strategy. China’s foreign trade strategy has a tendency to shift from an import-substitution strategy before the reform to an export-oriented strategy. In general, it is still at the stage of a protected export promotion strategy; the foreign-funded strategy shifts from a strategy of restricting foreign capital to a strategy of encouraging foreign capital; and China’s industrial structure. The change of strategy is accompanied by the evolution of the industrialization process and the advancement of the economic system reform. In general, it experienced the phase of 1979-1988 when it turned to a one-sided re-industrialization tendency and vigorously developed the processing and manufacturing industries focusing on light industry. 1989- In 1991, it adjusted the internal structure of the industry, controlled the development of the general processing industry, and strengthened the basic industries and infrastructure. From 1992 to 2001, it accelerated the development of technology-intensive industries and promoted the transformation of industrial structure from high-level processing to intensified technology. The transformation of these three strategies is not conducted in isolation, but forms an organic whole that influences each other and promotes each other, and constitutes a main line for the evolution of industrial development strategy in the process of expanding openness in China.