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为了解施秉喀斯特地区林地土壤甲螨的分布和群落组成特点,明确中国西南喀斯特地区林地类型对土壤甲螨群落密度、组成和物种多样性的影响,对该区林地土壤甲螨的群落结构及多样性进行了的调查和分析。【方法】2012年8月选取了中国西南施秉喀斯特地区典型生境中的8个样地,每个样地9个取样点,用Berlese-Tullgren装置分离土样24 h。多样性分析采用常见的多样性指数;群落相似性分析采用Jaccard相似性系数(CJ);群落聚类分析分别采用Marczewski-Steinhaus距离(Cms)和Bray-Curtis距离,应用R 2.11程序进行类平均法聚类。【结果】结果显示,中国西南喀斯特8个样地中土壤甲螨由少数的优势属和数量众多的稀有属组成。其中全菌甲螨属Perscheloribates(22.48%)和长单翼甲螨属Protoribates(11.45%)个体数量最为丰富。长单翼甲螨属Protoribate,、上罗甲螨属Epilohmannia、小奥甲螨属Oppiella、小盾珠甲螨属Suctobelbella和盖头甲螨属Tectocepheus分布广泛。本区的甲螨组成(属级水平)表现出明显热带和亚热带地区特点。在天然常绿落叶阔叶林中,甲螨的个体数量和种类数较多,但多样性不高,而在人工针叶林中甲螨多样性最高。甲螨群落组成和分布特征多样,异质性高,特别是在天然常绿落叶阔叶林中突出。【结论】研究表明,施秉喀斯特生态系统的不同林分影响甲螨的物种多样性和群落稳定性,天然常绿落叶阔叶混交林是甲螨的“避难所”。
In order to understand the distribution and community composition of soil Oribatid mites in the Shihlin Karst area, the effects of woodland types on the density, composition and species diversity of soil Oribatid mites in the Karst area in Southwest China were studied. Diversity has been investigated and analyzed. 【Method】 Eight samples of typical habitats in Shibing karst area of southwestern China were selected in August 2012, with 9 sampling sites for each sample and soil samples were separated by Berlese-Tullgren device for 24 h. Jaccard similarity coefficient (CJ) was used for community similarity analysis; Marczewski-Steinhaus distance (Cms) and Bray-Curtis distance were used for cluster analysis, and R 2.11 was used for class averaging Clustering. 【Result】 The results showed that in the eight plots of Karst in southwest China, carboxid mites consisted of a few dominant genera and a large number of rare genera. Among them, Perscheloribates (22.48%) and Protoribates (11.45%) were the most abundant individuals. Protoribate, Epilohmannia, Oppiella, Suctobelbella and Tectocepheus are widely distributed. Oribatid in this area (genus level) showed obvious tropical and subtropical regions. In the natural evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest, the number of mite individuals and the number of species is more, but the diversity is not high, but in the artificial coniferous forest mites diversity highest. Oribatid mites community composition and distribution characteristics of diverse, high heterogeneity, especially in the natural evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest prominent. 【Conclusion】 The results show that the species diversity and community stability of Orthoptera tomentosa are influenced by different stands in the Shibing Karst ecosystem. The natural evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest is the “shelter” for Orthoptera.