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一、前言科学素质是国民素质的重要组成部分,也是衡量一个国家综合国力的一个重要指标。美国政府于1985年着手制订了新的科学教育发展纲要《普及科学——美国2061计划》(以下简称“2061计划”)。受“2061计划”的启示以及基于我国公民科学素养低下的现状考虑,中国科协于1999年提出了一项国民科学素质行动计划——《全民科学素质行动计划》,即“2049计划”。美国的2061计划与我国的2049行动计划的目标都是让“全体公民人人具备科学素养”,但实施的对象却大不相同,美国2061计划
I. Foreword Scientific quality is an important part of the quality of the people and an important indicator of the overall national strength of a country. The United States government in 1985 set out to develop a new science education development program “Universal Science - US 2061 Plan” (hereinafter referred to as the “2061 Plan”). Inspired by the “2061 Plan” and based on the current situation of low scientific literacy among citizens in China, China Association for Science and Technology proposed in 1999 a plan of action of a scientific quality of the people - “Action Plan of All-People's Scientific Literacy” or “Plan 2049”. The goal of the 2061 Program in the United States and the 2049 Action Plan of our country are to “make all citizens citizens have scientific literacy,” but the targets of implementation are quite different. The U.S. 2061 plan