Stem cell therapy or cell therapy has been demonstrated to be a potent treatment intervention in animal models of acute ischemic stroke,and recently has been introduced as an experimental therapy in early phase clinical trials.Among the many stem cells,the bone marrow adherent cell type known as mesenchymal stem ceils have emerged in laboratory studies as a safe and effective therapy for ischemic stroke and other brain diseases.In particular,a unique population of adherent bone marrow-derived cells,called MultiStem cells,display immunomodulatory effects and are a promising allogeneic cell therapy in acute ischemic stroke.Here,we describe the preclinical evidence supporting the use of MultiStem in the acute setting of ischemic stroke and the translation into an early phase clinical trial in ischemic stroke.