医学科研设计中,如何对研究对象进行抽样或分组是非常关键的问题,它决定了整个研究结果的可靠性。如果抽取的样本有偏或分组有偏,即使得出结论,也难以推论到总体。因此,确保一个合理有效的抽样和分组至关重要,而保证这一点的关键技术就是随机化。尽管目前多数科研人员已经接受了随机化的概念,但在真正实施中仍存在不少“用随意代替随机”的现象。原因并非科研工作者对随机不重视,而是很多人不清楚如何实现随机化。鉴 In medical research design, how to sample or group the subjects is the key issue, which determines the reliability of the whole research results. If the samples taken are biased or the grouping is biased, it is hard to infer the population even if conclusions are drawn. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure a reasonable and efficient sampling and grouping, and the key to ensuring this is randomization. Although most researchers have accepted the concept of randomization at present, there are still many “random substitution” phenomena in the real implementation. The reason is not that scientists do not pay much attention to randomness, but many people are not sure how to achieve randomization. Kam