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教学目的:通过讲述陈胜吴广发动的秦末农民战争爆发的原因、过程,使学生正确认识农民战争对推动历史发展的作用;学习运用历史唯物主义的观点分析史实和人物。 教学重点:要使学生了解起义的原因和作用。难点:怎样评价秦始皇、项羽、刘邦这些历史人物。 一、秦的暴政 秦的暴政是秦末农民起义的根本原因。秦灭六国统一全国后,利用新建立的封建国家机器残酷地压迫剥削人民,严重破坏了社会生产力,把广大人民推向死亡的边缘。秦的暴政具体表现在以下三个方面: (一)焚书坑儒。公元前213年,秦始皇采纳李斯的建议,把秦国以外的历史书和民间收藏的诗书及诸子百家书,通通烧毁。第二年又活埋了方士和儒生四百六十多人。这两件事,历史上叫做“焚书坑儒”。焚书坑儒造成了极其严重的后果,钳制了人们的思想,摧残了文化。 (二)人民负担沉重。农民被迫把收获物的三分之二交给朝廷作赋税。秦末农民的赋税负担“二十倍于古”,造成“竭天下之资以奉其政”,成百万
Purpose of the teaching: By telling the reasons and processes of the outbreak of the Peasants War in the late Qin Dynasty initiated by Chen Sheng Wu Guang, students will be able to correctly understand the role of the peasant war in promoting historical development; learn to use historical materialism to analyze historical facts and characters. Teaching focus: To enable students to understand the causes and effects of the uprising. Difficulties: How to evaluate historical figures such as Qin Shihuang, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. 1. Qin’s tyranny Qin’s tyranny was the root cause of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. After the suppression of the reunification of the entire country by the Qin Dynasty, the newly established feudal state machine brutally oppressed the exploitation of the people, severely undermined the social productive forces and pushed the majority of people to the brink of death. Qin’s tyranny manifested in the following three aspects: (1) Burning books and Confucianism. In 213 BC, Qin Shi Huang adopted Liz’s proposal to burn down the history books other than the Qin State, the poetry books of the private collections, and the hundreds of books of the family. In the following year, more than 460 people of alchemists and Confucian scholars were buried alive. These two incidents were historically called “burning book pit Confucianism.” Burning the book pit Confucianism has caused extremely serious consequences, curtailed people’s thinking and destroyed the culture. (b) Heavy burden on the people. The peasants were forced to hand over two-thirds of the harvest to the court for taxation. The peasants’ tax burden at the end of the Qin Dynasty was “twice as old”, resulting in “exhausting the resources of the world for the sake of its governance” and millions.