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长期以来,西方发达资本主义国家的企业管理,以“物”为重心,注重企业战略、企业制度和企业技术等“硬件”层面的开发,而把劳动者仅仅视作创造剩余价值的“机器”。与此相应,传统的管理理论认为,企业的存在就是赚钱,管理成功的标志就在于高利润;工人只能进行简单的体力劳动,唯有管理者才能从事计划、组织等脑力劳动;职工工资是劳动的报酬,利润是资本的增殖,职工不能染指企业利润;企业决策权必须高度集中在少数管理者手中,等等。因而严重忽视了人的主动性和创造性。
For a long time, enterprise management in Western advanced capitalist countries has focused on “materials” and focused on the development of “hardware” aspects such as corporate strategies, enterprise systems, and corporate technologies, while viewing workers as merely “machines” that create surplus-value. . Correspondingly, the traditional management theory holds that the existence of a company is to make money, and the sign of successful management lies in high profits; workers can only perform simple physical labor, and only managers can engage in mental work such as planning and organization; the wages of employees are The remuneration of labor, profit is the proliferation of capital, employees can not refer to corporate profits; corporate decision-making power must be highly concentrated in the hands of a few managers, and so on. Therefore, people’s initiative and creativity are seriously ignored.